Non Access Modifiers

• For classes, use one of:
  • final
  • abstract
• For attributes and methods, use one of???
  • final
• https://stackoverflow.com/a/52660828/7801965
• https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_modifiers.asp

static

• Refer: static

final

• Refer: final

abstract

• Refer: abstract

default

• Refer: default

synchronized

• Refer: synchronized

volatile

• volatile

transient

• Refer: transient

native

• method is implemented in native code using JNI (Java Native Interface).
• Implemented in a language other than Java like C/C++.
• Example: Object.clone()
  • https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html#clone—

// taken from real jdk 17 using Intellij
@IntrinsicCandidate
protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;

strictfp

• Deprecated as of Java 17+
• Makes floating point calculation consistent, otherwise JVM can use arbitrary precision

Other keywords

sealed and non-sealed

• See sealed

record

• See record