Java 8 features

Lambda Expressions (using ->)
Functional Interfaces (SAM, @FunctionalInterface)
Method references
Default and Static methods in Interface
Improved APIs:
- Collection API improvements
  - removeIf(), replaceAll() etc.
- Concurrency API improvements
  - CompletableFuture
New Stream API
New Date Time API
New Optional Class
forEach in Iterable Interface
Nashorn JS Engine
- introduced jjs CLI to execute JS code
- Nashorn JS engine has been removed in Java 15+
Memory:
- PermGen memory space removed and replaced with Metaspace

History

Java is an island of Indonesia where multiple cities are located
- Most populous island of the World
Jakarta is capital city of Indonesia located in Java islands
- Most populous city of Indonesia
Java programming Language is named after Java Coffee which was the most favorite coffee of creators at Sun Microsystems
Java EE or previously J2EE is a specification developed by Sun Microsystem
- In 2017 Oracle acquired Sun Microsystem
- In 2018, transferred to Eclipse Foundation and rebranded as Jakarta EE
- Specifications include:
  - Jakarta Server Pages (JSP)
  - Jakarta Standard Tag Library (JSTL)
  - Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB)
  - Jakarta RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)
  - Jakarta Bean Validation
  - Jakarta Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI)
  - Jakarta Persistence API (JPA)
Eclipse Foundation is open-source organization and currently manage:
- Eclipse IDE
- Jakarta EE (formerly Java EE/J2EE)
Spring learned from Jakarta EE/Java EE and its similar competitors are similar in nature and they learned from each other
- developed by Rod Johnson in company SpringSource (acquired by VMWare)
- Spring implements some part of Jakarta EE specification
  - earlier package names: javax.*
  - new package names: jakarta.*